Are you seeking to significantly boost your snack bar's profitability? Discover nine powerful strategies designed to optimize operations and elevate your bottom line. From enhancing customer experience to streamlining inventory, learn how to transform your business and explore essential tools like our snack bar financial model to project your success.
Steps to Open a Business Idea
Embarking on the journey of opening a snack bar business requires meticulous planning and strategic execution. The following table outlines essential steps, providing a concise overview to guide aspiring entrepreneurs through the foundational stages of establishing a successful and profitable snack bar.
| Step | Description | 
|---|---|
| Develop A Unique Business Concept And Plan | Define your Unique Selling Proposition (USP) focusing on healthy, customizable snacks, create a comprehensive business plan with financial forecasts and snack bar profit strategies, and research your target market and competition to identify service gaps. | 
| Secure Funding And Manage Startup Capital | Estimate startup costs (typically $15,000-$60,000), pursue funding from various sources, and establish a financial contingency fund of 3-6 months of operating expenses to ensure stability. | 
| Choose A Strategic Location And Secure A Lease | Select a high-foot-traffic location aligned with your target audience, as location is a primary driver of snack bar profitability. Negotiate a 3-5 year commercial lease and inquire about tenant improvement allowances. | 
| Design The Menu And Source Suppliers | Develop a focused menu with core items and customizable add-ins, apply effective pricing strategies for snack bar products to achieve a 28-35% food cost percentage, and establish relationships with reliable suppliers for quality and consistency. | 
| Purchase Equipment And Set Up Operations | Procure essential equipment, implement a modern POS system for leveraging technology for snack bar order and payment efficiency, and design an efficient operational workflow to reduce customer wait times. | 
| Hire And Train Your Staff | Recruit positive employees and invest in comprehensive training, including specific training for snack bar staff to increase sales through upselling high-margin add-ons, and ensure compliance with labor laws to reduce turnover. | 
| Launch And Market Your Snack Bar | Plan a grand opening event with promotions, execute a multi-channel marketing plan allocating 3-6% of projected revenue, and continuously collect customer feedback and analyze sales data to improve snack bar offerings for long-term growth. | 
What Are Key Factors To Consider Before Starting Snack Bar?
Before launching a snack bar, it is crucial to assess market viability, conduct thorough financial planning, and develop a unique selling proposition (USP) that sets your business apart. These foundational steps are vital for long-term snack bar business growth and achieving sustainable snack bar profit strategies.
Key Considerations for Snack Bar Launch
- Market Viability: Confirm demand by analyzing current consumer trends. The US snack food market was valued at approximately $150.6 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 4.2%. Notably, over 60% of US adults actively seek healthier snack options, which strongly validates a health-focused concept like 'Snack Haven'.
- Financial Planning: Understand all potential costs and returns. Startup costs for a small snack bar or kiosk can range from $15,000 to $60,000. It is essential to project realistic revenue and manage expectations, as typical food service profit margins for a new establishment are between 3% and 9%.
- Unique Selling Proposition (USP): Creating a unique selling proposition for your snack bar is essential. Focusing on 'healthy and customizable' directly targets the health and wellness food market, which is expanding by over 5% annually. This focus provides a clear competitive advantage over standard convenience stores or cafes, helping to increase snack bar revenue by attracting a specific, growing customer base.
How Can A Snack Bar Increase Its Profit Margins?
To increase its profit margins, a Snack Bar like Snack Haven must strategically manage menu pricing, control operational costs, and implement tactics to boost the average transaction value. These actions directly impact the bottom line, moving beyond just increasing sales volume to ensure each sale contributes more profit. For instance, understanding food service profit margins is crucial for sustainable growth.
Effective Pricing Strategies
- Effective pricing strategies for snack bar products are crucial. A common industry benchmark is to maintain food costs between 28% and 35% of a menu item's price. For a snack with ingredient costs of $2.00, the menu price should be between $5.70 and $7.15 to ensure profitability.
- This approach ensures that each item sold covers its direct costs and contributes sufficiently to overheads and profit, directly impacting overall snack bar profitability.
Reducing Operational Costs
- Reducing costs in a snack bar to improve profitability involves strict inventory and waste management. Food waste can account for 4-10% of a food business's purchases.
- Implementing a first-in, first-out (FIFO) inventory management snacks system can reduce this waste by over 50%, directly boosting the bottom line. This efficiency is vital for any small business food strategy.
Boosting Average Transaction Value
- Training snack bar staff for better customer service and upselling can increase average check size by 10-20%. For example, training staff to suggest a high-margin beverage or add-on with every order is a direct strategy to increase snack bar revenue.
- This focus on customer interaction not only improves sales but also contributes to customer loyalty snack bar efforts, fostering repeat business and overall snack bar business growth.
What Legal And Regulatory Steps Are Required To Open Snack Bar?
Opening a Snack Bar, like 'Snack Haven', in the USA requires forming a legal business entity, registering with tax authorities, and securing all necessary federal, state, and local food service licenses and permits. These steps ensure compliance and legal operation, minimizing future complications for your snack bar business growth.
First, you must register your business. This is typically done as a Limited Liability Company (LLC) for liability protection. State filing fees for an LLC commonly range from $40 to $500, depending on the state. Additionally, you must obtain a free Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS. This number is essential for tax purposes and hiring employees, directly impacting your snack bar management.
Several critical licenses are needed to operate legally. You will require a local business license specific to your city or county. A food service establishment permit from your county's health department is also mandatory; these fees can range from $100 to $1,000 annually. Furthermore, all employees handling food must obtain food handler's permits, usually costing approximately $10-$20 per person. These permits are crucial for maintaining health standards and preventing issues that could impact your food service profit margins.
Essential Health Compliance for Snack Bars
- Compliance with the FDA Food Code and local health regulations is non-negotiable.
- This includes passing health inspections that verify proper food storage temperatures, such as holding cold foods at or below 41°F.
- Strict sanitation procedures are also mandatory for legal operation and directly contribute to customer trust and safety.
Adhering to these regulations from the start helps to boost snack bar profitability by avoiding fines and ensuring a smooth operational flow. For more details on managing costs and financial aspects, consider resources like the Snack Bar Profitability blog.
How To Attract More Customers To My Snack Bar?
A Snack Bar, such as Snack Haven, can attract more customers through a focused local marketing strategy, building community partnerships, and enhancing the in-store experience. These approaches directly contribute to snack bar business growth by increasing visibility and appeal.
Utilizing social media for snack bar promotion is highly effective. Food and beverage brands often achieve an average engagement rate of 122% on Instagram. A modest monthly budget of $150-$300 for targeted social media ads can effectively reach thousands of potential local customers. This digital presence helps to increase snack bar revenue by expanding reach.
Key Strategies for Customer Attraction:
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Partnering with local businesses for snack bar cross-promotion is a vital strategy. Collaborating with nearby gyms, yoga studios, or corporate offices, for example, can drive significant foot traffic. Offering a 10-15% discount to their members or employees provides an immediate incentive and helps foster consistent business for Snack Haven. This is a direct method to boost snack bar profitability. 
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Attracting new customers to a snack bar through events creates buzz. Hosting a grand opening, 'tasting Tuesdays,' or a healthy eating workshop can generate initial interest and draw in new patrons. Furthermore, improving snack bar ambiance to encourage spending can increase customer dwell time and boost unplanned purchases by up to 20%. For additional insights on boosting profitability, consider resources like Snack Bar Profitability Strategies. 
What Are The Best Ways To Get Repeat Business For A Snack Bar?
Securing repeat business for a Snack Bar, like Snack Haven, hinges on consistently excellent service, effective customer loyalty programs, and regularly refreshing menu offerings. These strategies are vital for long-term snack bar business growth and increasing snack bar sales increase.
Implementing loyalty programs for snack bar repeat business is a highly effective method. Digital loyalty programs, for instance, can boost customer visit frequency by up to 30%. A straightforward program, such as offering a free item after nine purchases, encourages customers to return. This directly improves customer loyalty snack bar metrics and contributes to overall snack bar profit strategies.
Key Strategies for Customer Retention
- Deliver Exceptional Service: Studies indicate that 86% of consumers are willing to pay more for a superior customer experience. A modest 5% increase in customer retention can lead to a profit increase of 25% to 95%. Therefore, training snack bar staff for better customer service is a high-return investment that directly impacts your food service profit margins.
- Diversify Menu Options: To keep the customer experience fresh and exciting, regularly introduce new items. Diversifying menu options to attract more snack bar customers prevents menu fatigue. By analyzing sales data to improve snack bar offerings, you can identify popular items and gaps in your current selection.
- Introduce Seasonal Menus: Incorporating seasonal menu ideas to boost snack bar profits creates anticipation and gives regulars new reasons to visit. For example, offering pumpkin spice lattes in the fall or refreshing fruit bowls in the summer can drive additional traffic and sales.
Develop A Unique Business Concept And Plan
Establishing a clear business concept is fundamental for any snack bar aiming to achieve profitability and sustainable growth. This involves defining what makes your snack bar unique and how it addresses specific market needs. For instance, 'Snack Haven' focuses on revolutionizing the snacking experience through healthy, customizable options. This approach targets a significant market segment.
How to Define Your Snack Bar's Unique Selling Proposition (USP)
- Focus on Specific Niche: Identify a growing market segment. For a snack bar, this could be health-conscious consumers or those seeking quick, convenient options. The market for healthy snacking is expanding, with projections showing growth exceeding 5% annually.
- Offer Customization: Provide options for customers to tailor their snacks. This might include choosing ingredients for bowls, wraps, or smoothies, enhancing customer satisfaction and perceived value.
- Emphasize Convenience: Design services for grab-and-go options, especially in areas with high foot traffic or limited quick, healthy food alternatives.
A comprehensive business plan is essential for any aspiring entrepreneur, especially when seeking funding or guiding operations. This document outlines your strategy to increase snack bar revenue and achieve target food service profit margins. It acts as a roadmap for your business, detailing how you will operate and generate income effectively.
Key Components of a Snack Bar Business Plan
- Market Analysis: Research your target audience, such as health-conscious millennials aged 25-44, and analyze local competitors. Identify service gaps, like a lack of quick, healthy grab-and-go options near office buildings or fitness centers. This informs your snack bar profit strategies.
- 3-Year Financial Forecast: Project detailed revenue streams and expenses. This includes anticipated sales, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and projected profits. Aim for target food service profit margins of at least 5-10%, which is a common benchmark for the industry.
- Operational Plan: Outline daily operations, supply chain, and staffing requirements. Efficient inventory management snacks and optimized snack bar operations are crucial for higher efficiency and reducing costs in a snack bar.
Understanding your target market and local competition is critical for developing effective snack bar business growth strategies. This research helps you identify specific service gaps and tailor your offerings to meet unmet demands, allowing your snack bar to stand out from competitors. For example, if an area lacks quick, healthy options, 'Snack Haven' can position itself as the go-to solution.
Researching Your Target Market and Competition
- Demographic Analysis: Pinpoint your ideal customer base. For 'Snack Haven,' this could be individuals prioritizing health and convenience, often found near corporate parks, gyms, or universities.
- Competitor Analysis: Evaluate existing snack bars, cafes, and quick-service restaurants in your chosen location. Analyze their menus, pricing, customer service, and operational hours to identify their strengths and weaknesses.
- Identify Service Gaps: Look for opportunities where competitors fall short. This might be a lack of specific dietary options (e.g., vegan, gluten-free), insufficient speed of service during peak hours, or an absence of customizable menu items. Filling these gaps can significantly boost snack bar profitability.
Secure Funding And Manage Startup Capital
What are the Typical Startup Costs for a Snack Bar?
Accurately estimating startup costs is crucial for any new venture, including a Snack Haven. For a small Snack Bar, these initial expenses typically range from $15,000 to $60,000. This comprehensive estimate covers essential components needed to open and operate. Understanding these figures is vital for anyone planning to boost snack bar profitability and ensure a strong start.
Key Startup Cost Components:
- Lease Deposit: Securing your location requires an upfront deposit, often equivalent to one or two months' rent.
- Equipment: Essential snack bar equipment, such as refrigerators, blenders, POS systems, and display cases, can cost between $5,000 and $20,000.
- Initial Inventory: Stocking your shelves with diverse healthy and customizable snacks for customers requires an initial investment of approximately $3,000 to $5,000. This directly impacts your ability to increase snack bar revenue from day one.
- Licensing and Permits: Necessary operating licenses and permits typically range from $500 to $1,500, ensuring legal compliance for your food service business.
Careful planning of these expenses helps in effective snack bar management and prevents unexpected financial hurdles, laying the groundwork for snack bar business growth.
How Can a Snack Bar Secure Initial Funding?
Securing adequate funding is a primary step to increase profits of a snack bar business. Aspiring entrepreneurs and small business owners often explore various avenues to gather the necessary capital. A well-structured approach to funding can significantly impact a snack bar's long-term success and ability to achieve a sales increase.
Common Funding Sources for Snack Bar Businesses:
- Personal Savings: Many first-time founders utilize their own savings as foundational capital, demonstrating personal commitment.
- SBA Microloans: The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) offers microloans, which are loans under $50,000, specifically designed for small businesses. These are an excellent option for covering startup costs.
- Friends and Family Contributions: Seeking contributions from a personal network can provide flexible funding with potentially more favorable terms than traditional lenders.
A detailed business plan can dramatically increase the likelihood of securing a loan by up to 70%. This plan should outline your snack bar profit strategies, projected revenue, and how you plan to manage operations, making it a powerful tool for attracting investment and ensuring financial stability.
Why is a Financial Contingency Fund Essential for Snack Bar Stability?
Establishing a robust financial contingency fund is critical for the sustained growth and stability of a Snack Bar, especially before reaching consistent profitability. This reserve acts as a safety net, protecting the business from unforeseen expenses or slower-than-expected revenue generation. It's a key strategy in reducing costs in a snack bar to improve profitability over the long term.
For a Snack Bar with typical monthly operating costs of $7,000, maintaining a contingency fund with at least 3 to 6 months of operating expenses means having $21,000 to $42,000 in reserve. This financial cushion ensures that you can cover rent, utilities, inventory, and payroll even during lean periods. It allows the business to navigate initial challenges without stress, supporting effective snack bar management and overall business growth.
Having this reserve also signals financial prudence to potential investors or lenders, reinforcing trust and confidence in your snack bar business. It's a proactive measure that directly contributes to the overall boost in snack bar profitability by preventing cash flow crises.
Choose A Strategic Location And Secure A Lease
Selecting the right location is paramount for any snack bar, directly impacting its potential for success and profitability. A strategic location with high foot traffic significantly increases visibility and customer access. Consider areas near corporate offices, busy gyms, large college campuses, or major transit stations. These spots ensure a steady stream of potential customers throughout the day. This is a primary driver of snack bar profitability, as it maximizes opportunities for spontaneous purchases and repeat business, crucial for snack bar business growth.
Beyond foot traffic, align your location with your target audience. For Snack Haven, focusing on health-conscious consumers means seeking areas where this demographic frequently gathers. For instance, a location near yoga studios or health food stores could be ideal. Statistics confirm the importance of convenience: over 65% of consumers prioritize convenience when purchasing food. This fact underscores why easy access and high visibility are not just beneficial, but critical for achieving high snack bar sales increase and overall boost snack bar profitability. An easily accessible location helps attract new customers to a snack bar.
Negotiating Your Snack Bar Lease for Profitability
- Lease Term: Aim for a commercial lease of 3-5 years. This term offers stability for your business operations and allows time to build a solid customer base and brand recognition. It provides predictability for your overheads, supporting snack bar management and long-term financial planning.
- Tenant Improvement (TI) Allowance: Always inquire about a Tenant Improvement (TI) allowance. This is a crucial negotiation point. A TI allowance provides funds from the landlord, typically ranging from $20 to $60 per square foot, to help cover the costs of building out your space to suit your snack bar’s specific needs.
- Cost Reduction: Securing a TI allowance is a key tactic for reducing costs in a snack bar to improve profitability. It significantly reduces your initial capital expenditure for renovations, freeing up funds for inventory, marketing, or working capital. This directly impacts your food service profit margins from day one.
Design The Menu And Source Suppliers
Designing an effective menu and establishing reliable supplier relationships are critical for any Snack Bar aiming to increase profits. A well-planned menu optimizes operations and appeals directly to customer preferences, while smart sourcing reduces costs and ensures product quality. These foundational steps directly impact profitability and customer satisfaction, helping businesses like Snack Haven thrive.
Optimizing Snack Bar Menu for Profitability
- Develop a focused menu featuring 5-7 core items. This approach streamlines inventory and reduces waste, optimizing snack bar operations for higher efficiency. Examples of core items for Snack Haven could include customizable fruit bowls, yogurt parfaits, or gourmet toast options.
- Integrate 10-15 customizable add-ins. Offering a variety of toppings, drizzles, or protein boosts allows customers to personalize their snacks, enhancing perceived value and catering to diverse dietary needs. This strategy directly appeals to consumer demand for personalization.
- Implement effective pricing strategies for snack bar products. Aim for a target food cost percentage between 28% and 35%. This ensures each item sold contributes effectively to overall profit. For instance, if a snack costs $1.00 to make, it should sell for approximately $2.85 to $3.57 to meet this target.
Establishing strong supplier relationships is equally vital for a Snack Bar business seeking to boost profitability. Consistent ingredient quality and competitive pricing directly influence your profit margins and customer retention. Poor quality ingredients can lead to customer dissatisfaction and increased waste, ultimately impacting your bottom line.
Strategic Supplier Sourcing for Cost Reduction
- Establish relationships with reliable suppliers to ensure ingredient quality and consistency. This minimizes operational disruptions and maintains high product standards for your snack offerings.
- Consider partnering with local farms or producers. This can be a significant marketing advantage for Snack Haven, appealing to consumers who prioritize fresh, locally sourced ingredients and supporting the community. This also helps in creating a unique selling proposition for your snack bar.
- Negotiate bulk discounts with suppliers. Purchasing larger quantities of frequently used ingredients can lower food costs by 10-15%. For example, buying larger bags of oats or nuts can significantly reduce the per-unit cost compared to smaller retail packs, directly improving your food service profit margins.
Effective inventory management snacks also plays a crucial role once suppliers are secured. By monitoring sales data, you can refine your ordering process, reducing spoilage and ensuring popular items are always in stock. This proactive approach supports the goal of increasing snack bar revenue and maintaining customer loyalty snack bar programs.
Purchase Equipment And Set Up Operations
Establishing a successful snack bar like Snack Haven requires strategic equipment procurement and efficient operational setup. Essential equipment forms the backbone of your daily activities, ensuring smooth service and product quality. For instance, commercial refrigeration is crucial for perishable items, with costs typically ranging from $2,000 to $5,000. Food prep stations are also vital, costing between $500 and $2,500. To reduce initial capital expenditure, consider leasing equipment, which can lower upfront costs by up to 70%. This approach helps manage cash flow effectively, allowing new snack bar businesses to allocate funds to other critical areas like inventory or marketing.
Integrating a modern Point of Sale (POS) system is fundamental for leveraging technology for snack bar order and payment efficiency. Systems like Toast or Square offer comprehensive solutions, with monthly fees typically ranging from $69 to $165. These systems are not just for transactions; they integrate sales data, inventory tracking, and customer information management. This integration provides actionable insights, helping snack bar owners understand sales trends and manage inventory effectively to prevent waste and optimize stock levels. Efficient POS implementation is a key strategy to increase snack bar revenue by streamlining customer service.
Designing an efficient operational workflow is critical, from customer ordering to product pickup. A well-designed layout and clear process can significantly impact customer satisfaction and sales volume. For example, an optimized layout can reduce customer wait times by 30-50% during peak hours. This direct improvement in service speed translates into higher customer throughput and increased sales. Effective workflow planning also contributes to better snack bar management and improved food service profit margins by minimizing operational bottlenecks and enhancing staff productivity. Streamlined operations are vital for boosting snack bar profitability and ensuring a positive customer experience.
Hire And Train Your Staff
Effective staff recruitment and comprehensive training are fundamental strategies to increase profits for a snack bar business like Snack Haven. Begin by recruiting employees who demonstrate positive attitudes and a strong work ethic. Investing in their development through thorough training is not just an expense but a critical investment in your business's growth and customer satisfaction. This training should cover essential areas such as detailed menu knowledge, strict adherence to health and safety standards, and effective customer service techniques.
How Staff Training Boosts Snack Bar Revenue
- Upselling Techniques: Implement specific training for snack bar staff to increase sales by teaching them to suggest high-margin add-ons or combos. For example, staff can be trained to offer a drink with a sandwich or a premium topping with a yogurt bowl. This practice can increase the average check value by 15-20%, directly boosting snack bar revenue.
- Product Knowledge: Ensure staff can confidently describe ingredients, nutritional information, and preparation methods for all items. This builds customer trust and helps guide purchasing decisions, leading to higher sales.
- Efficiency in Service: Train employees on efficient order taking, preparation, and payment processing. Faster service reduces customer wait times, improves the overall customer experience, and allows for higher customer throughput, contributing to snack bar business growth.
Beyond sales-focused training, ensuring compliance with all labor laws is crucial. This fosters a positive work environment, which in turn reduces employee turnover. Reducing employee turnover is a major cost-saving measure for any food service business. The food service industry's average turnover rate often exceeds 70% annually, meaning businesses frequently incur significant costs for recruitment and retraining. By retaining skilled and happy staff, Snack Haven can cut these costs, maintain consistent service quality, and improve overall snack bar profitability.
Launch And Market Your Snack Bar
How to Plan a Grand Opening for Your Snack Bar?
A well-executed grand opening event is crucial for generating initial buzz and attracting customers to your new snack bar, 'Snack Haven.' This strategy helps create immediate brand awareness and can significantly boost early revenue. For instance, offering a 20% discount on all items or a free snack for the first 100 customers can drive significant foot traffic.
Consider the following steps for a successful launch event:
- Set a Date and Time: Choose a day and time that maximizes potential customer turnout, such as a weekend afternoon.
- Develop Special Promotions: Offer irresistible deals like buy-one-get-one-free (BOGO) or bundle discounts on popular snack combinations.
- Create an Engaging Atmosphere: Incorporate music, balloons, or even a small local performer to make the event memorable.
- Staff Appropriately: Ensure enough staff are on hand to manage high customer volume and provide excellent service, preventing long wait times.
- Prepare Inventory: Stock up on all menu items, especially those featured in promotions, to avoid running out during peak demand.
What are Effective Marketing Tips for Snack Bar Owners to Boost Sales?
Implementing a multi-channel marketing plan is vital for sustained snack bar business growth and attracting a broad customer base. Allocate a budget of 3-6% of projected revenue to these marketing efforts, ensuring consistent promotion. Effective marketing tips for snack bar owners to boost sales include active social media engagement and targeted local online advertisements.
Key Marketing Channels for Snack Bars:
- Social Media Engagement: Utilize platforms like Instagram and Facebook to showcase appealing photos of your snacks, run contests, and interact with customers. Post regularly about new menu items, special offers, and behind-the-scenes content.
- Local Online Ads: Use platforms like Google My Business and local directories to ensure your 'Snack Haven' appears in local searches. Targeted ads can reach potential customers within a specific radius of your location.
- Email Marketing: Build an email list from initial customers and send out newsletters with exclusive promotions, loyalty program updates, and new product announcements.
- Local Partnerships: Collaborate with nearby businesses, gyms, or schools for cross-promotion. For example, offer a discount to members of a local fitness studio or cater school events.
- Flyers and Posters: Distribute eye-catching flyers in high-traffic areas or place posters in community centers.
Consistent application of these strategies will help increase snack bar revenue and build a strong brand presence.
How to Analyze Sales Data to Improve Snack Bar Offerings?
Continuous improvement is fundamental to long-term snack bar business growth and adapting to consumer preferences. Immediately begin collecting customer feedback and analyzing sales data to improve snack bar offerings. This data-driven approach helps identify best-selling items, slow-moving products, and opportunities for menu diversification, directly impacting snack bar profitability.
Key areas for data analysis include:
- Sales Volume by Item: Identify your most popular snacks. For example, if 'Snack Haven's' healthy fruit bowls consistently outsell other items, consider expanding that category.
- Peak Sales Times: Understand when your snack bar is busiest to optimize staffing and inventory levels.
- Customer Demographics: Learn about your primary customer base to tailor marketing messages and menu additions.
- Feedback Trends: Systematically collect feedback through surveys, comment cards, or online reviews. Look for recurring suggestions or complaints to address promptly.
- Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) vs. Sales Price: Regularly review your profit margins on each item. If a snack has high sales but low-profit margins, consider adjusting its price or sourcing ingredients more cost-effectively to boost snack bar profitability.
Using insights from sales data allows for informed decisions, leading to a more efficient operation and increased snack bar sales.
 
    
 
				
			 
				
			 
				
			 
				
			 
				
			