How Can You Open a Custom Hat Manufacturing Business?

Is your custom hat manufacturing business struggling to maximize its profit potential, or are you simply seeking innovative ways to boost your bottom line? Discover nine powerful strategies designed to significantly enhance profitability, from optimizing production costs to expanding market reach. Ready to transform your financial outlook and gain a competitive edge? Explore these essential insights and consider how a robust financial model, like the one found at Startup Financial Projection, can illuminate your path to sustained growth.

Steps to Open a Business Idea

Launching a custom hat manufacturing business requires careful planning and execution across several key areas. The following table outlines the essential steps to successfully establish and grow your venture, from foundational planning to market launch.

Step Description
Develop A Comprehensive Business Plan Create a formal business plan outlining your company's mission, target market, operational procedures, and detailed financial projections.
Secure Funding And Capital Obtain necessary capital through sources like personal savings, SBA loans, or equipment financing to launch and scale your business.
Establish Your Legal Business Entity Formally register your business as a legal entity to protect personal assets, comply with regulations, and obtain essential permits.
Source Equipment And Reliable Suppliers Acquire essential production equipment and establish relationships with dependable wholesale suppliers for blank hats and consumable materials.
Set Up Your Production Space And Workflow Design an organized and efficient physical layout for your production space, integrating technology and standardized operating procedures.
Build Your Brand And Online Presence Develop a memorable brand identity and establish a professional online presence through an e-commerce website and active social media channels.
Launch And Market Your Business Formally launch your business and execute a targeted, multi-channel marketing plan to generate initial sales and build brand awareness.

What Are Key Factors To Consider Before Starting Custom Hat Manufacturing?

Launching a Custom Hat Manufacturing business, like Custom Cap Co., requires careful evaluation of several primary factors. These include understanding market demand, assessing the initial investment needed for production equipment, and securing a reliable supply chain for materials. A thorough analysis of these areas forms the foundation for effective custom cap business strategies and ensures long-term headwear manufacturing profitability.


Key Factors for Starting a Custom Hat Business

  • Market Demand: The U.S. market for hats and caps is substantial, valued at approximately $25 billion annually. The broader promotional products market, a key channel for custom headwear, exceeded $258 billion in 2022. This indicates a robust existing demand for custom headwear, which Custom Cap Co. can leverage.
  • Initial Investment: Startup costs are a significant consideration. A commercial single-head embroidery machine typically costs between $5,000 and $15,000. For higher volume production, a multi-head machine starts at $20,000. Additional essential equipment includes a heat press ($300-$3,000) and design software ($1,000-$2,500). An initial inventory of blank hats can range from $2-$5 per unit from wholesalers. For more details on startup costs, refer to articles on custom hat manufacturing capital expenditures.
  • Reliable Supply Chain: Finding reliable suppliers for hat materials is critical for managing costs and maintaining quality. Establishing accounts with major wholesalers like SanMar, S&S Activewear, or alphabroder provides access to bulk pricing. This can reduce the cost per blank hat by 30-50% compared to single-unit purchases, directly boosting custom hat manufacturing profits.

How To Increase Custom Hat Profits?

To significantly boost profits in a Custom Hat Manufacturing business, focus on three core areas: optimizing pricing, enhancing production efficiency, and diversifying sales channels. These strategies directly address how to increase profits for a custom hat business and drive sustainable hat business profit growth.

Effective pricing models for custom hat orders are crucial for increasing profit margins on embroidered hats. Typically, custom hats yield a gross profit margin of 50-70%. For example, a hat with a total cost of $5 (including blank hat, thread, and labor) can be priced at $20-$30 for individual custom orders. For bulk wholesale orders, the price range is typically $12-$18 per unit. This tiered pricing maximizes revenue across different customer segments.

Improving production efficiency in custom headwear significantly boosts profitability. A standard single-head embroidery machine produces 2-4 hats per hour. Upgrading to a 4-head machine, which costs between $20,000 and $40,000, can increase output to 8-16 hats per hour. This drastically reduces the labor cost per unit and accelerates order fulfillment, directly impacting apparel production efficiency and overall headwear manufacturing profitability.

Implementing robust online sales strategies for custom hats across multiple channels can increase revenue by over 150%. Utilize ecommerce platforms for custom hat sales such as Shopify (plans start at $29/month) for direct-to-consumer sales, and Etsy (with a 6.5% transaction fee) for reaching a creative market. Actively pursuing B2B wholesale opportunities custom hat business also creates multiple revenue streams to increase custom hat revenue.


Key Profit-Boosting Strategies

  • Optimize Pricing Models: Implement tiered pricing with a gross profit margin of 50-70%. Price individual custom hats at $20-$30 and bulk orders at $12-$18 per unit.
  • Enhance Production Efficiency: Upgrade from single-head (2-4 hats/hour) to multi-head embroidery machines (8-16 hats/hour) to reduce labor costs and increase output.
  • Diversify Sales Channels: Utilize platforms like Shopify and Etsy for direct sales, and actively pursue B2B wholesale opportunities to increase revenue by over 150%.

What Legal And Regulatory Steps Are Required To Open Custom Hat Manufacturing?

To legally operate a Custom Hat Manufacturing business, you must complete several essential steps: registering your business, obtaining federal and state tax IDs, and securing necessary licenses and permits. These foundational legal considerations for starting a hat manufacturing business ensure compliance and protect your personal assets.

First, choose and formally register your business structure. A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a common choice for small manufacturing growth due to its liability protection. LLC formation fees vary significantly by state, ranging from as low as $40 in Kentucky to as high as $500 in Massachusetts. Most states also require an annual report fee, typically between $20 to $300, to maintain your entity's active status.

Next, obtain an Employer Identification Number (EIN) from the IRS. This is a free and essential step for hiring employees, opening a business bank account, and filing federal taxes. You will also need a state tax ID or seller's permit to legally collect sales tax. Sales tax rates vary widely by location; for example, California's base rate is 7.25%, while Florida's is 6%. This permit is crucial for tracking custom hat manufacturing profits accurately.

A general business operating license is typically required by your city or county. Costs for this license usually range from $50 to $400 annually, depending on your specific location and the type of business. If you operate from a commercial facility, you must also adhere to local zoning ordinances and may be subject to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) workplace safety standards to ensure a safe environment for apparel production efficiency.


Key Legal Requirements Overview

  • Business Entity Registration: Choose and register a legal structure (e.g., LLC) to protect personal assets.
  • Federal Tax ID (EIN): Obtain a free EIN from the IRS for tax and banking purposes.
  • State Tax ID/Seller's Permit: Required for collecting sales tax; rates vary by state.
  • General Business License: Secure a local license for legal operation; costs range from $50-$400.
  • Zoning and OSHA Compliance: Essential for commercial operations, ensuring safety and legal facility use.

What Marketing Boosts Hat Sales?

Effective marketing for a Custom Hat Manufacturing business combines targeted digital advertising, precise niche market identification, and robust B2B relationship development. These strategies are crucial for attracting a diverse customer base and fostering significant

hat business profit growth

.


Digital Advertising Strategies

  • Google Ads: Running targeted campaigns on Google Ads reaches potential buyers actively searching for custom headwear. The average cost-per-click (CPC) in the apparel niche is around $1.43. A starting monthly budget of $500-$1,000 can generate substantial traffic and leads, boosting

    increase custom hat revenue

    .
  • Social Media Ads: Platforms like Instagram and Facebook are vital for visual product promotion. High-quality images and videos of custom hats engage audiences, driving traffic and sales.

Identifying niche markets for

Custom Hat Manufacturing

leads to higher conversion rates and stronger

branding strategies for custom hat manufacturers

. Instead of generic advertising, focus on specific groups. Targeting craft breweries, tech startups, local sports leagues, or university clubs allows for highly tailored messaging and product offerings. This approach helps the business stand out in the competitive

fashion accessories business

sector.

Pursuing

wholesale opportunities custom hat business

is a powerful strategy for sustainable

hat business profit growth

. Corporate clients frequently place large-volume orders for promotional products. This market segment is valued at over $25 billion in the US. Offering tiered discounts, such as 30-50% off for orders of 100+ units, can secure lucrative, recurring contracts, significantly boosting

custom hat manufacturing profits

.

How To Reduce Hat Manufacturing Costs?

Key cost reduction strategies for Custom Hat Manufacturing involve three core areas: smart material sourcing, optimizing production workflows, and strategic investment in automation. These steps are fundamental for significantly improving headwear manufacturing profitability and ensuring sustainable growth for your business, such as Custom Cap Co.

Sourcing materials in bulk directly from wholesale distributors is a primary method to reduce costs. For instance, purchasing a single Richardson 112 cap might cost around $5.50. However, buying a case of 144 units can lower the per-unit price to approximately $3.75, representing a savings of over 30%. This bulk purchasing strategy directly impacts your material costs, which are a significant component of overall production expenses. Establishing relationships with major suppliers like SanMar or S&S Activewear is crucial for securing these advantageous bulk prices.

Improving production efficiency through Lean manufacturing principles can cut operational waste by up to 30%. This involves organizing the production floor for minimal movement, streamlining the custom hat design process with clear customer proofs, and minimizing machine downtime between jobs. An efficient workflow ensures that each hat moves through the production line quickly and smoothly, reducing labor hours per unit and preventing costly errors or reworks. For more on operational efficiency, refer to resources like Custom Hat Manufacturing KPIs.


Streamline Production for Profit

  • Optimize Layout: Arrange equipment and workstations to minimize unnecessary movement and handling of materials and products.
  • Standardize Processes: Develop clear, step-by-step procedures for each stage of hat production, from design digitization to final packaging.
  • Reduce Downtime: Implement regular maintenance schedules for machinery and ensure operators are trained to quickly troubleshoot minor issues.

While it requires an initial investment, automating hat production for profit yields substantial long-term savings. An automated multi-head embroidery machine, for example, reduces the labor cost per hat. Labor typically accounts for 15-25% of the total production cost in the textile industry profit model. By increasing output capacity and processing more hats in less time, automation helps in scaling a custom hat startup efficiently, making it a critical strategy for increasing profit margins on embroidered hats.

Develop A Comprehensive Business Plan

A formal business plan is the strategic foundation for any Custom Hat Manufacturing venture. This document outlines your company's mission, identifies your target market, details operational procedures, and includes essential financial projections. It is critical for guiding your business decisions and securing necessary financing from investors or lenders.

Your plan must include a thorough market analysis. This section details identifying niche markets for custom hats. For instance, the US headwear market is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2023 to 2028. Your plan should specify which segments your custom cap business strategies will target to capture a share of this growth, such as corporate branding, sports teams, or fashion-forward individuals.

Include a detailed 3- to 5-year financial forecast. This projection covers startup costs, revenue estimates, and expected custom hat manufacturing profits. A home-based startup might require an initial investment of $10,000-$20,000, while a small commercial setup could need $50,000-$100,000+. This robust financial management for hat businesses is crucial for loan applications and demonstrating headwear manufacturing profitability.

The operations section of your business plan should detail your optimizing custom hat production workflow. This includes specifying the equipment you will use, listing your key suppliers for materials, outlining quality control checkpoints, and detailing staffing requirements. This part provides a clear roadmap for achieving apparel production efficiency and helps reduce operational costs in hat manufacturing, directly impacting hat business profit growth.


Key Components of a Custom Hat Business Plan

  • Executive Summary: Overview of the business, its goals, and key strategies.
  • Company Description: Mission, vision, and legal structure of your Custom Cap Co.
  • Market Analysis: Research on target markets, competition, and industry trends (e.g., US headwear market growth).
  • Organization & Management: Team structure, legal entity, and management expertise.
  • Service Line: Detailed description of custom hat products and design processes.
  • Marketing & Sales Strategy: How you will attract customers and generate custom hat revenue.
  • Financial Projections: Startup costs, income statements, cash flow, and balance sheets for increasing profit margins on embroidered hats.
  • Appendix: Supporting documents like resumes, permits, and market research data.

Secure Funding And Capital

Securing adequate capital is foundational for launching and scaling a Custom Hat Manufacturing business like Custom Cap Co. Initial funding ensures you can acquire essential equipment, manage operational expenses, and grow your enterprise from its inception. Without sufficient capital, expanding your apparel production efficiency and increasing custom hat revenue becomes a significant challenge.

Several financing options exist for custom hat businesses looking to expand or start. Understanding these can help you choose the best path to profitability and growth in the headwear manufacturing profitability sector. This strategic financial planning is vital for transforming ideas into investor-ready ventures.

Primary Funding Avenues for Custom Cap Co.

  • SBA 7(a) Loan Program: The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) 7(a) loan program is a popular option for small manufacturing growth. These government-backed loans can provide up to $5 million. In 2023, the average loan amount was approximately $500,000. Funds can be allocated for diverse needs, including purchasing specialized equipment, providing working capital, or even acquiring real estate for your hat factory. This program supports scaling a custom hat startup by offering favorable terms.
  • Equipment Financing: For essential machinery like multi-head embroidery machines or heat presses, equipment financing is highly effective. This allows you to acquire high-cost assets without a large upfront cash payment, preserving your crucial cash flow. For instance, a $20,000 multi-head embroidery machine can be financed over 5 years with manageable monthly payments of approximately $400-$500. This strategy directly impacts improving production efficiency custom headwear without depleting reserves.
  • Business Line of Credit: A business line of credit offers flexible access to funds for managing inventory, covering unexpected operational expenses, and ensuring smooth cash flow. Typical small business lines of credit range from $10,000 to $250,000. This option is excellent for day-to-day financial management for hat businesses and handling fluctuating custom hat orders, supporting continuous operation and growth.

Establish Your Legal Business Entity

Formally registering your Custom Hat Manufacturing business as a legal entity is a foundational step. This action protects your personal assets from business liabilities and ensures compliance with federal and state regulations. It legitimizes your operations, which is essential for banking, tax purposes, and securing funding for small manufacturing growth. Neglecting this can lead to significant personal financial risk if your business incurs debt or faces legal challenges.

Choosing the right business structure is critical for future headwear manufacturing profitability. A popular choice for many small businesses, including those in apparel production efficiency, is a Limited Liability Company (LLC). An LLC provides personal asset protection, meaning your personal savings or home are generally safe from business debts or lawsuits. The cost to file an LLC varies by state, typically ranging from $50 to $500. This formal entity is a key part of scaling a custom cap business strategy and managing financial aspects effectively.


Key Steps for Legal Entity Formation

  • Apply for an Employer Identification Number (EIN): Obtain this free number from the IRS. It is mandatory for hiring employees, opening a business bank account, and filing federal business tax returns for your Custom Hat Manufacturing operation.
  • Secure State Seller's Permit/Resale Certificate: To legally sell products and collect sales tax, you must acquire a state seller's permit or resale certificate. This ensures your custom hat business profits are compliant with sales tax laws.
  • Obtain a General Business License: Your city or county requires a general business license. These licenses typically cost between $50 and $150 annually and are necessary to operate legally within your locality, contributing to the overall hat business profit growth.

Proper legal setup minimizes future complications and positions your business for sustained increase custom hat revenue. It provides credibility when seeking suppliers for hat materials or exploring wholesale opportunities for custom hat business. This structure is a cornerstone for managing financial aspects for hat businesses and attracting more customers to a custom hat manufacturing business by demonstrating professionalism and stability. Understanding these legal considerations for starting a hat manufacturing business is vital for long-term success.

Source Equipment And Reliable Suppliers

For any custom hat manufacturing business like Custom Cap Co. to achieve significant headwear manufacturing profitability, acquiring the right production equipment and establishing strong relationships with reliable wholesale suppliers are critical. This foundational step directly impacts product quality, production efficiency, and ultimately, your bottom line. Investing in the correct machinery ensures you can meet demand, while consistent material sourcing guarantees quality and cost control.

A core investment for custom hat production is a commercial embroidery machine. For startups, a single-head embroidery machine is a suitable starting point, typically costing between $8,000 and $15,000. This machine allows for detailed customization and is efficient for smaller batch orders. As your business grows and you aim for improving production efficiency custom headwear, upgrading to a multi-head machine, which can cost $20,000 or more, becomes essential for handling larger, bulk orders and scaling operations effectively.

Finding reliable suppliers for hat materials is crucial for consistent quality and managing costs effectively. Major U.S. wholesalers are key partners for blank headwear. Companies like SanMar, S&S Activewear, and Richardson offer a wide range of blank hats and provide tiered pricing structures that benefit bulk purchases. For instance, popular styles such as the Richardson 112 can cost around $3.50-$4.50 per unit when ordered in bulk quantities of 144 pieces or more, significantly impacting your cost reduction strategies hat manufacturing.

Beyond blank hats, stocking essential consumable materials is vital for uninterrupted production. These include high-quality embroidery thread from reputable brands like Madeira, various types of backing or stabilizer for different fabric weights, and an assortment of needles suitable for various hat materials. An initial inventory of these crucial supplies typically ranges between $500 and $1,500. Maintaining a consistent supply of these items is key to optimizing your custom hat production workflow and ensuring timely order fulfillment.


Key Supplier Considerations

  • Wholesale Pricing: Always inquire about tiered pricing for bulk orders to maximize increasing profit margins on embroidered hats.
  • Shipping Costs & Times: Factor in delivery expenses and lead times to manage inventory effectively and avoid production delays.
  • Product Consistency: Ensure suppliers maintain consistent product quality and color matching across different batches.
  • Customer Service: Partner with suppliers known for responsive and helpful customer support for quick issue resolution.

Set Up Your Production Space And Workflow

Optimizing your physical production layout is crucial for `custom hat manufacturing profits`. A well-designed space streamlines operations, directly impacting `apparel production efficiency`. For Custom Cap Co., this means creating a seamless flow from initial order to final shipment, minimizing wasted time and effort. An inefficient layout can lead to bottlenecks, increasing labor costs and extending delivery times, directly eroding `hat business profit growth`.

Implement a logical floor plan with clearly defined zones. This structure facilitates a smooth `optimizing custom hat production workflow`. Dedicated areas ensure that each step of the manufacturing process is efficient. This strategic layout can reduce overall order processing time by an estimated 15-20%, a significant gain for `headwear manufacturing profitability`.


Key Production Zones for Custom Cap Co.

  • Material Receiving and Storage: Organize raw materials like fabric, blanks, threads, and embellishments for easy access and inventory management.
  • Design and Digitizing Station: A dedicated area for creating and preparing designs for embroidery or printing, a core part of `garment customization strategies`.
  • Main Production Area: House machinery such as embroidery machines, direct-to-garment (DTG) printers, or heat presses. Ensure sufficient space around each machine for operator movement and material handling.
  • Quality Control and Finishing Station: Inspect completed hats, trim threads, add tags, and perform final touches before packaging.
  • Packing and Shipping Area: Prepare finished orders for dispatch, including labeling and organizing for carriers.

Integrate technology to manage your operations effectively. An order management system (OMS) or robust e-commerce platform capabilities are vital for tracking jobs, managing inventory, and communicating order status to customers. This digital backbone supports `small manufacturing growth` by providing real-time data, preventing over-production or stockouts, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Efficient inventory tracking also helps in cost reduction strategies for `hat manufacturing` by minimizing material waste.

Develop and implement standardized operating procedures (SOPs) for all production tasks. Consistent SOPs are essential for `training staff for efficient custom hat production`. A well-trained operator can maximize machine output, reduce errors, and minimize waste, directly impacting `hat business profit growth`. Reducing remakes due to errors can account for a 1-3% increase in revenue, as it cuts down on material and labor losses. This focus on process and training is a key `custom cap business strategy`.

Build Your Brand And Online Presence

For a Custom Hat Manufacturing business like Custom Cap Co., establishing a robust brand and online presence is paramount to achieving significant `custom hat manufacturing profits`. A memorable brand identity helps differentiate your offerings in a competitive market, attracting more customers and fostering loyalty. This foundational step is crucial for `hat business profit growth` and directly contributes to your ability to `increase custom hat revenue` effectively.

Developing a compelling brand involves defining your unique selling proposition (USP). Is your focus on sustainable materials, rapid turnaround times, or catering to a specific niche market? Clearly communicating this USP through your brand messaging helps potential customers understand your value. Investing in a professional logo and comprehensive brand guidelines is essential for consistency. These assets typically cost between $500 and $2,500, ensuring a polished and cohesive image across all marketing channels. Strong `branding strategies for custom hat manufacturers` lay the groundwork for market recognition.

A professional online presence starts with a user-friendly e-commerce website. Platforms like Shopify or BigCommerce are top `ecommerce platforms for custom hat sales`, offering robust features for managing products and orders. Integrate a product customizer tool into your site; this feature can boost conversion rates by up to 40%. By `streamlining custom hat design process` for the customer, you make it easy for them to visualize and order their personalized headwear, directly impacting sales and `custom cap business strategies`.


Optimizing Social Media for Custom Hat Sales

  • Platform Focus: Concentrate efforts on visual platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Pinterest. These channels are ideal for showcasing custom hat designs and the customization process.
  • Content Strategy: Post high-quality images and engaging videos of your products, customer testimonials, and behind-the-scenes content 3-5 times per week. This consistent activity helps to `attract more customers to a custom hat manufacturing business`.
  • Community Building: Actively engage with your audience by responding to comments and messages. Building a loyal community enhances brand trust and encourages repeat purchases, supporting your `online sales strategies for custom hats` and overall `headwear manufacturing profitability`.

Effective `marketing tips for custom hat companies` extend to strategic `digital advertising for custom hat companies`. Use targeted ads on social media platforms to reach specific demographics interested in custom apparel. This approach ensures your marketing spend is efficient, driving relevant traffic to your website and improving the likelihood of conversions. A well-executed online strategy is vital for any business aiming to `increase profit margins on embroidered hats` or other custom headwear.

Launch And Market Your Business

A formal launch is critical for any new `Custom Hat Manufacturing` business. This initial phase generates sales and builds brand awareness, setting the stage for future `hat business profit growth`. A well-executed launch creates momentum and establishes your presence in the competitive custom apparel market. It signals to potential customers that your business, like Custom Cap Co., is open and ready to fulfill their unique headwear needs.

How to Initiate Your Custom Hat Business Launch Campaign

Initiating a launch campaign for a `Custom Hat Manufacturing` business requires strategic planning to attract early customers. A compelling offer can significantly boost initial sales volume and gather essential feedback. Consider promotions that create urgency and value for your target audience, from individuals seeking personalized hats to organizations needing bulk orders.


Launch Campaign Strategies for Custom Hat Companies

  • Compelling Offer: Provide an introductory discount, such as 20% off all orders for the first 30 days. This can increase initial sales volume by over 40%.
  • Free Shipping: Offer free shipping on all launch orders to reduce customer hesitation and improve conversion rates.
  • Product Reviews: Actively encourage early customers to leave reviews and testimonials. These provide social proof, which is vital for new businesses.
  • Email Sign-ups: Offer an exclusive discount or early access to new designs for customers who sign up for your email list during the launch.

Executing Digital Advertising for Custom Hat Companies

Digital advertising is essential for reaching specific niche markets and driving `increase custom hat revenue`. A targeted approach ensures your advertising budget is spent efficiently, reaching potential customers actively searching for custom headwear solutions. Effective `digital advertising for custom hat companies` leverages platforms where your audience spends their time, maximizing visibility and engagement.


Digital Advertising Focus Areas

  • Initial Budget: Allocate a starting budget of $500-$1,500 for the first month. This allows for testing and optimization.
  • Google Ads: Focus on long-tail keywords like 'custom embroidered baseball caps' or 'personalized trucker hats for events.' These target users with high purchase intent.
  • Social Media Ads: Utilize Instagram and Facebook ads, targeting identified niche markets. For example, target local sports teams, small businesses, or event planners. Visual platforms are highly effective for showcasing custom hat designs.
  • Retargeting Campaigns: Implement retargeting ads to re-engage website visitors who did not complete a purchase, reminding them of your products and offers.

Securing Wholesale Opportunities for Custom Hat Business

Beyond direct-to-consumer sales, pursuing `wholesale opportunities custom hat business` can provide a stable and significant revenue stream. B2B outreach helps secure larger bulk orders, which directly boost `custom hat manufacturing profits`. These partnerships can also reduce marketing costs per unit and provide consistent demand for your production capabilities.


B2B Outreach Strategies for Custom Hat Companies

  • Target Local Businesses: Contact local cafes, breweries, and retail shops that might want branded merchandise.
  • Educational Institutions: Reach out to schools, universities, and student organizations for custom hats for clubs, teams, or events.
  • Event Organizers: Connect with organizers of festivals, conferences, and corporate events that require promotional headwear.
  • Portfolio and Samples: Always present a professional portfolio showcasing your best work and offer sample hats to demonstrate quality. Securing just one or two large bulk orders can significantly boost initial `custom hat manufacturing profits`.