Are you seeking to significantly boost the profitability of your at-home IV infusion business? Discover nine powerful strategies designed to optimize operations and maximize revenue in this rapidly expanding healthcare sector. Uncover how a robust financial understanding, like that offered by an at-home IV infusion financial model, can be your cornerstone for sustainable growth and increased profit margins.
Core 5 KPI Metrics to Track
To effectively manage and scale an at-home IV infusion business, monitoring key performance indicators is essential. These metrics provide actionable insights into operational efficiency, client acquisition, and overall financial health, enabling data-driven decisions to enhance profitability.
| # | KPI | Benchmark | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Client Lifetime Value (CLV) | $2,500 | The total revenue a client is expected to generate over their entire relationship with the business. |
| 2 | Cost Per Infusion | $110 | The total expense incurred to deliver a single IV infusion service, including supplies, labor, and overhead. |
| 3 | Nurse Utilization Rate | 75% | The percentage of time nurses are actively engaged in billable services compared to their total available work hours. |
| 4 | New Client Referral Rate | 20% | The percentage of new clients acquired through existing client referrals, indicating client satisfaction and advocacy. |
| 5 | Average Revenue Per Infusion (ARPI) | $250 | The average amount of revenue generated from each individual IV infusion service provided. |
Why Do You Need to Track KPI Metrics for At Home IV Infusion?
Tracking Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is fundamental for an At Home IV Infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. KPIs measure performance against strategic goals, enabling data-driven decisions that foster mobile IV business growth and maximize IV therapy business profit. Without precise metrics, it is challenging to identify areas for improvement or understand the true impact of operational changes. This systematic approach ensures resources are allocated effectively to achieve profitability targets and sustain long-term success.
The home infusion therapy market demonstrates significant expansion, underscoring the need for vigilant KPI tracking. The US home infusion therapy market was valued at USD 254 billion in 2022 and is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 93% through 2030. Tracking KPIs allows a business to capitalize on this expansion by refining home infusion profit strategies and operational efficiency. Businesses must monitor their performance to adapt quickly and capture market share in this rapidly growing sector.
Effective financial management for home IV therapy via KPIs has a substantial impact on profit. For example, data shows that improving client retention by just 5% can increase profitability by 25% to 95%. This makes KPIs for client retention for IV therapy businesses a top priority for VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. Understanding which marketing efforts yield the best return and how effectively clients are retained directly correlates with increased revenue and sustainable growth, answering the question of how to boost profits mobile IV therapy business.
KPIs focused on operations directly address the challenge of reducing overhead in mobile IV therapy. For instance, monitoring and optimizing nurse travel time and routes can significantly reduce fuel and vehicle maintenance costs. These expenses can account for 10-15% of operational expenses for a mobile service. By tracking metrics related to logistics and efficiency, VitalBoost can implement technology solutions for home IV infusion to streamline operations, ensuring optimal use of resources and directly impacting the bottom line. This focus on operational efficiency is key to scaling an At Home IV Infusion company effectively. For more insights into profitability, refer to profitability analysis for mobile IV therapy.
What Are The Essential Financial Kpis For At Home Iv Infusion?
For an At Home IV Infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services, tracking key financial performance indicators (KPIs) is essential. These metrics offer a clear picture of financial health and guide decisions for IV therapy business profit. The most critical financial KPIs include Profit Margin, Client Acquisition Cost (CAC), and Revenue Per Client. Each provides unique insights into the effectiveness of pricing strategies for in home IV drips and overall profitability.
Profit Margin is a primary indicator of how much revenue is left after covering all expenses. For an at home IV infusion business, the average profit margin typically ranges from 15% to 40%, depending on the service mix and operational scale. For example, a detailed profitability analysis for mobile IV therapy might show a business with $600,000 in annual revenue and $420,000 in total expenses achieving a 30% profit margin, which translates to $180,000 in net profit. Monitoring this KPI helps refine home infusion profit strategies and ensures sustainable mobile IV business growth.
Client Acquisition Cost (CAC) measures the expense incurred to gain a new client. This metric is vital for assessing the return on investment of IV therapy marketing efforts. A sustainable CAC for this niche typically falls between $75 and $150 per new client. If a marketing campaign costs $7,500 and successfully attracts 75 new clients, the CAC is $100. Keeping CAC low is a key part of strategies for profitable home IV infusion service, ensuring marketing spend contributes positively to the bottom line.
Key Financial KPIs for At Home IV Infusion:
- Profit Margin: Indicates financial efficiency, showing revenue remaining after costs. Typical range is 15% to 40%.
- Client Acquisition Cost (CAC): Cost to acquire one new client. A sustainable range is $75 to $150 per client.
- Revenue Per Client: Average income generated from each client. Helps identify opportunities to increase IV business revenue.
Monitoring Revenue Per Client directly addresses the question of how to boost profits mobile IV therapy business. With average single-infusion prices ranging from $199 to over $599, a business might aim for an average revenue per client of $350. By diversifying revenue streams for mobile IV, such as offering package deals or high-margin add-ons like specific vitamin boosts, this figure could realistically be increased by 20% to 25%. This focus on maximizing each client's value is crucial for achieving robust IV therapy business profit.
Which Operational KPIs Are Vital For At Home Iv Infusion?
Vital operational Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are crucial for an At Home IV Infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. These metrics directly impact client satisfaction, revenue generation, and cost efficiency. By tracking them, businesses can make informed decisions to foster mobile IV business growth and maximize IV therapy business profit.
Key Operational KPIs for At Home IV Infusion:
- Client Retention Rate: This KPI measures the percentage of existing clients who continue to use your services over time. A high retention rate is a primary driver for scaling an at home IV infusion company. For example, leading businesses often achieve a retention rate of over 70% for clients who book more than one service. Acquiring a new client can cost up to five times more than retaining an existing one, highlighting its importance for sustainable growth.
- Average Service Time per Appointment: This metric tracks the total time spent on each appointment, including travel, setup, and the infusion administration itself. It is key to optimizing operations for home IV therapy. An efficient process might average 75 minutes per client. Reducing this by just 15 minutes through better logistics and technology solutions for home IV infusion could allow a nurse to complete an extra appointment daily, directly helping to increase IV business revenue.
- Nurse Utilization Rate: This KPI measures the percentage of a nurse's paid time that is actively spent on revenue-generating activities, such as direct client care. A target rate of 80-85% is considered efficient for improving efficiency in mobile IV nursing. Proper scheduling and route planning are essential to keep this KPI high, ensuring maximum return on labor costs, which are frequently the largest expense for an At Home IV Infusion business. For more insights on financial aspects, refer to resources on profitability analysis for mobile IV therapy.
How To Increase Mobile IV Business Revenue?
Increasing revenue for an At Home IV Infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services requires a multi-faceted approach focusing on client acquisition, service diversification, and efficient operations. A key strategy is to expand your service offerings beyond basic hydration to target specific health goals, which can significantly boost your average revenue per infusion. For instance, while a standard hydration drip might cost $199, specialized immune-boosting or beauty-focused IV drips can be priced at $299 to $599 or more, directly increasing your IV therapy business profit. Focusing on high-demand, high-margin services is essential for sustainable growth.
Effective IV therapy marketing is crucial for attracting new clients and driving mobile IV business growth. Digital marketing efforts, including targeted social media campaigns on platforms like Instagram and Facebook, can reach potential clients directly. Consider running promotions such as 'first-time client discounts' or 'referral bonuses' to encourage initial bookings and word-of-mouth. Data indicates that businesses leveraging strong digital marketing can see a 20-30% increase in new client inquiries within the first six months. Partnering with local fitness centers, spas, or wellness clinics can also create valuable referral streams, expanding your reach and client base without extensive advertising costs.
Diversifying revenue streams is a powerful strategy for any home infusion profit strategy. Beyond individual IV drips, consider offering membership plans, package deals, or corporate wellness programs. Membership models, where clients pay a recurring fee for a set number of infusions or discounts, foster client loyalty and provide predictable revenue. For example, a monthly membership for two infusions could be priced at $350, encouraging repeat business. Corporate wellness partnerships, where you provide onsite IV therapy to employees, can generate substantial bulk revenue. This approach helps to boost profits in a mobile IV therapy business by securing consistent, larger contracts.
Key Strategies for Revenue Growth:
- Introduce Premium Drips: Offer specialized IV formulations (e.g., anti-aging, athletic recovery) with higher price points. These can command 50-150% more than basic hydration.
- Implement Membership Programs: Create tiered membership options (e.g., basic, premium, VIP) that offer discounted rates for regular infusions, ensuring recurring revenue and improving client retention for IV therapy businesses.
- Develop Corporate Wellness Partnerships: Collaborate with local businesses to provide on-site IV therapy services for their employees, generating large-volume bookings.
- Optimize Pricing Strategies: Regularly review and adjust pricing strategies for in home IV drips based on market demand, competitor analysis, and cost of goods to maximize margins.
- Enhance Online Presence: Invest in a professional website and strong SEO to ensure your business appears in top search results for queries like 'at home IV infusion near me.'
- Leverage Telehealth for Consultations: Offer preliminary telehealth consultations to qualify leads and educate potential clients, streamlining the booking process and improving efficiency.
- Expand Service Areas: Gradually expand your operational footprint into new, underserved neighborhoods or regions to tap into new client pools, contributing to scaling an at home IV infusion company.
- Host Pop-Up Clinics: Organize temporary IV therapy clinics at local events, fitness expos, or wellness fairs to attract new clients and raise brand awareness.
- Cross-Sell Related Wellness Products: Offer complementary products like high-quality supplements or wellness consultations, creating additional revenue streams beyond IV infusions.
Improving operational efficiency directly impacts your ability to service more clients and thus increase IV business revenue. This includes optimizing nurse scheduling, travel routes, and inventory management. Utilizing technology solutions for home IV infusion, such as scheduling software and electronic health records (EHR), can reduce administrative time by up to 25%, allowing nurses to complete more appointments daily. For example, efficient route planning can reduce fuel costs by 10-15% and allow nurses to complete an additional 1-2 appointments per week, directly contributing to revenue growth. For more insights on operational costs, explore at-home IV infusion capital expenditures.
What Are Profitable IV Drip Services?
Identifying profitable IV drip services is crucial for an at home IV infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services to maximize IV therapy business profit. High-margin services often address common wellness needs, recovery, or specific health goals. These services typically command higher prices due to ingredient costs, perceived value, or specialized formulations. Focusing on these can significantly increase IV business revenue and support mobile IV business growth.
The most profitable IV drip services often include those targeting specific, in-demand client needs. For instance, immunity boosts, athletic recovery, and anti-aging formulations consistently show strong demand. The average cost of an IV infusion service can range from $199 to over $599, depending on the ingredients and complexity. Profit margins for these services can be substantial, sometimes reaching 60-70% on the service itself, excluding operational overheads. Strategic pricing for in-home IV drips is key to capturing this value.
Top Profitable IV Drip Formulations
- Immunity Boost IVs: These are highly sought after, especially during flu seasons or for general wellness. Formulations often include high doses of Vitamin C, B vitamins, and Zinc. A typical immunity drip can be priced between $250-$400, with ingredient costs being relatively low, yielding high profit margins.
- Athletic Recovery IVs: Catering to fitness enthusiasts and athletes, these drips focus on rehydration, muscle repair, and reducing inflammation. Ingredients like amino acids, magnesium, and B-complex vitamins are common. These can command prices from $300-$500, appealing to a demographic willing to invest in performance and recovery.
- Beauty/Anti-Aging IVs: Containing antioxidants like Glutathione, Vitamin C, and Biotin, these drips are popular for skin health, hair growth, and overall revitalization. They are often premium-priced, ranging from $350-$599+, capitalizing on aesthetic wellness trends and offering significant home infusion profit strategies.
- Hangover Relief IVs: Though often a one-off service, the immediate relief offered makes them highly valued. They typically contain fluids, electrolytes, anti-nausea medication, and pain relievers. Priced competitively, usually between $200-$350, they attract clients seeking rapid symptom alleviation.
To further enhance profitability, consider offering add-on services or premium ingredient upgrades. For example, adding specific amino acids, additional vitamins, or prescription medications (where legally permissible and medically appropriate) can increase the average revenue per infusion. Clients are often willing to pay more for perceived enhanced benefits, directly contributing to how to boost profits mobile IV therapy business. Diversifying revenue streams for mobile IV is essential for sustained financial health.
Client Lifetime Value (CLV)
Client Lifetime Value (CLV) represents the total revenue a business can reasonably expect from a single client throughout their relationship. For an at-home IV infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services, understanding and maximizing CLV is crucial for sustainable growth and increased profitability. It shifts focus from one-time transactions to long-term client relationships, which is key for a recurring service model.
Calculating CLV helps identify high-value clients and informs strategies for client acquisition and retention. A higher CLV indicates effective client engagement and satisfaction, leading to more predictable revenue streams. For instance, if the average client stays with an IV therapy business for 18 months and spends an average of $300 per month, their CLV would be $5,400.
Strategies to Enhance Client Lifetime Value in IV Infusion
- Membership Programs: Offer subscription packages or loyalty programs for regular IV infusions. For example, a 'VitalBoost Monthly Wellness Plan' can encourage consistent appointments, increasing purchase frequency. Data shows that members often have a CLV 2-3 times higher than one-time clients.
- Personalized Care Plans: Develop customized IV formulations based on individual client health goals and feedback. This personalized approach enhances client satisfaction and encourages continued engagement, leading to higher retention for your home infusion profit strategies.
- Cross-Selling and Upselling: Introduce complementary services or premium IV drip formulations. For instance, after a basic hydration drip, suggest a 'Premium Immune Boost' or a package of services. This boosts average transaction value without significant additional acquisition costs, supporting increase IV business revenue.
- Exceptional Client Service: Prioritize convenience, safety, and a seamless booking and service experience. Responding promptly to inquiries and ensuring professional, compassionate care during every visit builds trust and loyalty, vital for client retention for IV therapy businesses.
- Post-Service Follow-Up: Implement a system for checking in with clients after their IV infusion. A simple text or email asking about their well-being and offering to schedule their next appointment can significantly improve rebooking rates. This proactive approach supports mobile IV business growth.
- Referral Programs: Encourage existing satisfied clients to refer new business. Offer incentives like discounts on future services for both the referrer and the new client. This leverages your current client base to acquire new, often high-quality, leads at a lower cost, improving overall patient acquisition IV business.
Focusing on CLV not only drives revenue but also optimizes marketing spend. Instead of constantly seeking new clients, a strong CLV strategy emphasizes nurturing existing relationships, which is often more cost-effective. By implementing these strategies, at home IV infusion businesses can build a loyal client base, ensuring long-term profitability and stability.
Cost Per Infusion
Understanding and managing your cost per infusion is fundamental to increasing profits for an at home IV infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. This metric represents the total expense incurred to deliver a single IV therapy session to a client. By accurately calculating and subsequently reducing this cost, you directly improve your IV therapy business profit margins. Effective financial management for home IV therapy relies heavily on this analysis, allowing you to identify areas for cost reduction home infusion efforts.
To calculate your cost per infusion, sum all variable and fixed costs associated with delivering one service. Variable costs include supplies (IV bags, catheters, needles, vitamins, medications), nurse compensation per visit, and travel expenses. Fixed costs, though spread across all infusions, include rent for office space (if applicable), insurance, and administrative salaries. A detailed profitability analysis for mobile IV therapy begins here, revealing opportunities to optimize operations for home IV therapy and enhance your overall IV drip business model.
Strategies to Reduce Cost Per Infusion
Reducing the cost per infusion is a direct path to boosting profits for a mobile IV therapy business. Implementing strategic measures can significantly improve your bottom line without compromising service quality. For VitalBoost IV Infusion Services, focusing on efficiency and smart purchasing are key home infusion profit strategies. Every dollar saved on supplies or operational processes directly contributes to a higher profit margin per client, strengthening your mobile IV business growth.
Optimizing Supply Procurement and Inventory
- Bulk Purchasing: Purchase IV fluids, vitamin compounds, and medical supplies in larger quantities to secure lower per-unit costs. For example, buying 500 IV bags at once instead of 100 often yields a discount of 10-15% per bag.
- Supplier Negotiation: Regularly review and negotiate contracts with multiple medical supply vendors. Loyalty can be rewarded, but competitive bidding ensures you get the best prices on essential items, impacting your cost per infusion directly.
- Inventory Management: Implement a robust inventory system to minimize waste from expired products or overstocking. Accurate tracking reduces unnecessary purchases and ensures supplies are available when needed, preventing service delays.
- Standardize Formulations: While offering personalized care, standardize core IV drip formulations where possible. This allows for more efficient bulk purchasing of common ingredients and reduces complexity in inventory management.
Improving Efficiency in Mobile IV Nursing Operations
Enhancing operational efficiency is crucial for how to boost profits mobile IV therapy business. Streamlining the process for mobile IV nursing and client appointments can significantly lower labor costs per infusion. For VitalBoost IV Infusion Services, this means optimizing routes, reducing travel time, and maximizing the number of infusions a nurse can perform per shift. This focus on improving efficiency in mobile IV nursing directly impacts the cost per infusion.
Implementing technology solutions for home IV infusion, such as scheduling software and GPS tracking, can reduce travel time by up to 20%, allowing nurses to complete more appointments daily. This also minimizes fuel costs and vehicle wear. Furthermore, ensuring nurses have all necessary supplies for multiple appointments before leaving the base reduces time spent restocking or making additional trips, directly lowering the operational cost per service.
Nurse Utilization Rate
What is Nurse Utilization Rate for At Home IV Infusion?
Nurse utilization rate measures the efficiency with which your nursing staff is deployed for VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. It calculates the proportion of time nurses spend on billable client services versus their total available working hours. A higher utilization rate directly contributes to increased IV therapy business profit by maximizing the revenue generated per nurse. For an at-home IV infusion business, this means nurses are spending more time administering IV drips and less time on non-billable activities like extensive travel between distant appointments or administrative tasks that could be streamlined.
How to Improve Nurse Efficiency in Mobile IV Therapy?
Improving efficiency in mobile IV nursing is crucial for boosting profits. Optimizing operations for home IV therapy involves several key strategies to ensure nurses are productive. This directly impacts your ability to increase IV business revenue without necessarily hiring more staff. Focus on reducing non-billable time and enhancing the flow of appointments. This makes your mobile IV business growth sustainable and profitable.
Strategies for Optimizing Nurse Utilization
- Route Optimization Software: Implement software to plan the most efficient travel routes between client appointments, significantly reducing drive time and fuel costs. This allows nurses to complete more infusions daily.
- Geographic Clustering: Schedule appointments in close proximity whenever possible. Grouping clients within specific neighborhoods minimizes travel time and maximizes the number of infusions a nurse can perform in a given shift, improving efficiency in mobile IV nursing.
- Streamlined Onboarding & Documentation: Utilize digital forms and mobile applications for patient intake and charting. This reduces paperwork and administrative burden, allowing nurses to focus more on direct patient care.
- Pre-Packed IV Kits: Prepare and organize IV kits in advance with all necessary supplies for common infusions. This minimizes preparation time at the client's home, ensuring nurses are ready to administer care immediately.
- Delegation of Non-Clinical Tasks: Assign administrative tasks, scheduling, and initial client inquiries to support staff. Nurses should primarily focus on clinical duties to maximize their billable hours and contribute directly to increasing IV business revenue.
- Flexible Scheduling Models: Implement dynamic scheduling that adapts to client demand. This ensures nurses are available during peak times, preventing underutilization during slow periods and maximizing overall productivity.
Reducing Overhead in Mobile IV Therapy Through Nurse Management
Effective nurse utilization is a core component of cost reduction in home infusion. By ensuring nurses are productive, businesses like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services can avoid unnecessary staffing expenses. A well-managed nurse schedule means fewer idle hours, which translates directly into lower labor costs per infusion. This approach is vital for achieving a healthy profit margin for an at home IV infusion business. It's not just about how many clients you serve, but how efficiently your team serves them.
Impact of Nurse Utilization on Home Infusion Profit Strategies
The nurse utilization rate directly influences the overall profitability analysis for mobile IV therapy. A 10% increase in nurse utilization can lead to a significant boost in revenue without increasing your fixed costs like nurse salaries. This is a key strategy for profitable home IV infusion services. By focusing on how efficiently your nurses deliver care, you improve your service capacity and revenue generation per employee, which is essential for scaling an at home IV infusion company and ensuring its long-term financial health.
New Client Referral Rate
Increasing your new client referral rate is a powerful strategy to boost profits for an at home IV infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. Referrals often come from satisfied clients, leading to higher conversion rates and lower marketing costs compared to acquiring new leads through traditional advertising. Focusing on this area directly contributes to mobile IV business growth and overall IV therapy business profit.
A strong referral program can significantly enhance patient acquisition for your IV business. For instance, a study by Nielsen found that 92% of consumers trust referrals from people they know. This trust translates into quicker decision-making and higher client lifetime value. Implementing structured referral incentives can turn your existing client base into effective brand ambassadors, driving consistent new leads without extensive marketing spend.
How to Build a Strong Referral Network for Home IV Infusion?
- Offer Referral Incentives: Provide tangible rewards to both the referrer and the new client. This could be a discount on their next IV therapy session, a complimentary add-on, or a small gift card. For example, offer $25 off for the referrer and $25 off the new client's first service.
- Exceed Client Expectations: Deliver exceptional service and personalized care. Happy clients are more likely to share their positive experiences. Ensure nurses are highly professional, punctual, and provide thorough explanations, making each home IV infusion visit seamless.
- Request Testimonials and Reviews: Actively encourage clients to leave reviews on platforms like Google, Yelp, or your website. Positive public testimonials build social proof, which can indirectly lead to referrals as prospective clients see the quality of your at home IV infusion business.
- Create a Simple Referral Process: Make it easy for clients to refer others. Provide pre-made referral cards, a simple online form, or a dedicated email address for referrals. The less friction, the more likely clients will participate in your referral program.
- Partner with Complementary Businesses: Collaborate with local gyms, wellness centers, spas, or medical practices that serve a similar clientele. For example, a partnership with a chiropractor might lead to clients seeking complementary wellness services like IV therapy. This expands your reach within relevant communities.
Tracking your referral rate is crucial for understanding its impact on your home infusion profit strategies. Monitor how many new clients come from referrals each month and compare this to other acquisition channels. Aim to set a target, such as increasing the referral rate by 15% within the next six months, to ensure sustained increase IV business revenue. This data-driven approach helps refine your referral program and optimize its effectiveness.
Average Revenue Per Infusion (ARPI)
Average Revenue Per Infusion (ARPI) is a crucial metric for any At Home IV Infusion business like VitalBoost IV Infusion Services. It represents the average amount of revenue generated from each IV therapy session. Understanding and optimizing ARPI directly impacts the overall profitability of your mobile IV business. A higher ARPI indicates more revenue per client interaction, which is essential for sustainable growth and increasing IV business revenue.
To calculate ARPI, divide your total revenue from IV infusions over a specific period by the total number of infusions delivered in that same period. For example, if VitalBoost IV Infusion Services generated $15,000 from 50 infusions in a month, the ARPI would be $300 per infusion. This metric helps identify opportunities for pricing strategies for in home IV drips and service enhancements.
How to Increase Average Revenue Per Infusion (ARPI)
- Premium Drip Formulations: Offer specialized, higher-value IV drip formulations beyond basic hydration. For instance, VitalBoost could introduce premium blends for anti-aging, athletic recovery, or enhanced immunity, typically priced 20-50% higher than standard drips.
- Add-On Services: Implement strategic cross-selling opportunities for home IV therapy. This includes adding booster shots (e.g., B12, Glutathione) or pre-infusion consultations with a registered nurse for an additional fee. These small additions can significantly boost ARPI without requiring a full new infusion.
- Membership Programs: Introduce tiered membership plans for client retention for IV therapy businesses. Clients pay a recurring fee for discounted infusions or exclusive access to premium services. This ensures consistent revenue and encourages higher usage, potentially increasing the lifetime value per client and thus ARPI over time.
- Concierge Services: Provide white-glove, on-demand services for an extra charge, such as urgent same-day appointments or infusions outside standard operating hours. This caters to high-value clients and allows for a premium price point, directly impacting ARPI.
- Strategic Pricing Adjustments: Regularly review and adjust your pricing based on market demand, competitor analysis, and cost reduction home infusion efforts. A 5-10% price increase on popular infusions, if justified by value, can directly raise ARPI.